Package: dscore 2.1.0

Stef van Buuren

dscore: D-Score for Child Development

The D-score summarizes a child's performance on developmental milestones into a single number. Its key feature is its generic nature. The method does not depend on a specific measurement instrument. The statistical method underlying the D-score is described in van Buuren et al. (2025) <doi:10.1177/01650254241294033>. This package implements model keys to convert milestone scores to D-scores; maps instrument-specific item names to a generic 9-position naming convention; computes D-scores and their precision from a child's milestone scores; and converts D-scores to Development-for-Age Z-scores (DAZ) using age-conditional reference standards.

Authors:Stef van Buuren [cre, aut], Iris Eekhout [aut], Arjan Huizing [aut], Jonathan Seiden [aut]

dscore_2.1.0.tar.gz
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manual.pdf |manual.html
DESCRIPTION |NEWS
card.svg |card.png
dscore/json (API)

# Install 'dscore' in R:
install.packages('dscore', repos = c('https://d-score.r-universe.dev', 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

Bug tracker:https://github.com/d-score/dscore/issues

Pkgdown/docs site:https://d-score.org

Uses libs:
  • c++– GNU Standard C++ Library v3
Datasets:

On CRAN:

Conda:

child-developmentd-scoredazdevelopmental-trajectoriesgrowth-chartsrasch-modelcpp

6.86 score 9 stars 81 scripts 389 downloads 18 exports 22 dependencies

Last updated from:c944054905. Checks:13 OK. Indexed: yes.

TargetResultTimeFilesSyslog
linux-devel-arm64OK166
linux-devel-x86_64OK168
source / vignettesOK231
linux-release-arm64OK168
linux-release-x86_64OK192
macos-release-arm64OK203
macos-release-x86_64OK259
macos-oldrel-arm64OK217
macos-oldrel-x86_64OK416
windows-develOK121
windows-releaseOK129
windows-oldrelOK150
wasm-releaseOK123

Exports:count_mudazddomaindecompose_itemnamesdscoredscore_posteriorget_age_equivalentget_itemnamesget_itemtableget_labelsget_muget_referenceget_tauorder_itemnamesrename_gcdg_gsedrename_vectorsort_itemnameszad

Dependencies:clicpp11dplyrgenericsgluelifecyclemagrittrpillarpkgconfigpurrrR6RcppRcppArmadillorlangstringistringrtibbletidyrtidyselectutf8vctrswithr

Scoring GSED
D-score and DAZ | Preliminaries | Install the dscore package | GSED 9-position item names | Response data format | GSED Instruments | Instruments | GSED SF | Check | Renaming example | Calculate D-score | GSED LF | GSED HF | Other GSED instruments | References for DAZ calculation | preliminary_standards references | descriptive references | Literature references

Last update: 2026-01-08
Started: 2023-01-19

Custom Priors (Advanced)
Background | Default Prior Mean and Standard Deviation | Setting Your Own Prior Mean and Standard Deviation | Example 1: Custom Prior Mean | Example 2: Setting a Custom Prior Standard Deviation | Handling Missing Ages | Example 3: Customizing Prior Mean and Standard Deviation for Missing Ages

Last update: 2025-12-08
Started: 2025-12-08

Getting started
Overview | Is your measurement instrument covered? | GSED 9-position item names | Calculate the D-score and DAZ | Summarise D-score and DAZ | References

Last update: 2025-12-08
Started: 2023-01-19

Multiple keys (Advanced)
Motivation | Relation to the D-score | Default vs. Alternative Keys | Policy for default key selection | When to use an older key | Working with Keys in Practice | List available keys | Set the key | Change the default (session or project) | Comparing Keys | Impact on D-scores | Diagnostics | Stability over time | Caveats and Limitations | Recommendations for Users | Worked Examples | Example 1: Score with the default key | Example 2: Score with a specific older key and compare | Example 3: Visualize differences | Reproducibility Notes

Last update: 2025-12-08
Started: 2025-12-08

Understanding and using DAZ
What is DAZ? | How is DAZ calculated? | Who is in the reference population used in the D-score package? | Can I use a benchmark with DAZ to monitor the proportion of children that are developmentally on track? | Examples of DAZ and interpretation | NA values for DAZ

Last update: 2025-12-08
Started: 2025-12-08

Readme and manuals

Help Manual

Help pageTopics
Developmental domain for itemsbuiltin_domaintable
Collection of items fitting the Rasch modelbuiltin_itembank
Collection of items from instruments measuring early child developmentbuiltin_itemtable
Available keys for calculating the D-scorebuiltin_keys
Collection of age-conditional reference distributionsbuiltin_references
A table to translate between different lexicons (naming schema)builtin_translate
Calculate posterior of abilitycalculate_posterior
Median D-score from the default references for the given keycount_mu
Median of Dutch referencescount_mu_dutch
Median of GCDG referencescount_mu_gcdg
Median of phase1 referencescount_mu_phase1
Median of preliminary_standardscount_mu_preliminary_standards
Calculate Development-for-Age Z-score (DAZ)daz zad
Domain specific D-scoreddomain
Decomposes item names into their four componentsdecompose_itemnames
D-score estimationdscore dscore_posterior
Get age equivalents of items that have a difficulty estimateget_age_equivalent
Extract item namesget_itemnames
Get a subset of items from the itemtableget_itemtable
Get labels for itemsget_labels
Median D-score from the base population for a given keyget_mu
Median D-score from GSED cohortsget_mu_gsed_cohorts
Get D-score referenceget_reference
Obtain difficulty parameters from item bankget_tau
Sample of 10 children from the GSED Phase 1 studygsample
Outcomes on developmental milestones for preterm-born childrenmilestones
Normalize distributionnormalize
Calculate posterior for one item given score, difficulty and priorposterior
Rename items from gcdg into gsed lexiconrename_gcdg_gsed
Rename character vectorrename_vector
Sample of 10 children from GSED HFsample_hf
Sample of 10 children from gto (LF)sample_lf
Sample of 10 children from gpa (SF)sample_sf
Sorts item names according to user-specified priorityorder_itemnames sort_itemnames
Sample of 50 children measured with three instrumentstriple